Ar400 vs manganese. Like its predecessor, the new bullet weighs. Ar400 vs manganese

 
 Like its predecessor, the new bullet weighsAr400 vs manganese  A quenched & tempered, through-hardened, abrasion-resistant grade of true mill bar

This includes carbon (. Small quantities of molybdenum, chromium, nickel, aluminium, and copper are present in these steels. For pistol calibers only, AR400 might still win if the cost vs. Manganese Bronze. AISI/SAE steel numbers are indicated below. However, with the proper welding strategies and system, ar500 can still be successfully welded. The body maintains stable tissue manganese concentrations through regulatory control of manganese absorption and excretion [ 5 ]. 1°. P. SLS 600 ® Induction Wear Pipe; CLIF-CLAD ® Overlay Pipe; G 2T ® Ceramic Lined Pipe; Steel Round Bars. AR400: This steel provides a high degree of hardness and strength because of its quenched and tempered chrome-moly, boron treatment. Typical re-drying temperatures are 650°F to 700°F for one hour. Specialty Steel Company of America. C. Reduce dead weight and increase capacity with overlay. For each property being compared, the top bar is ASTM A36 carbon steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A572 grade 50. En8m steel has good tensile strength and is often used in gears, shafts, stressed pins, studs, bolts, keys etc. Both 8" AR400. P. AR400 100,000psi x 2. AR235, AR400 Abrasion-Resistant Plate: When looking for longevity, you need to find steel plates that can withstand abrasion, impact, and regular wear and tear. AR400 Wear Plate is quenched and tempered steel. Branches featuring AR400 | AR400F Steel Plate products. A = E × L × C (13. Out of the four grades—55, 60, 65, 70—that are available for this steel, grade 70 is considered the most widespread. H. This grade offers intermediate strength. Mangalloy Steel is an 11-14% Mn steel that performs best in extreme impact applications. The main advantage of AR400 steel is its superior durability—it can withstand much more wear than ordinary mild steel and is more resistant to corrosion. Rhino-Tuf EZ is an abrasion resistant, “thru-hardened”, AR400 wear plate. This is an abrasion resistant, “thru-hardened”, alloy plate (AR400) product. It is a high-carbon steel alloy that provides greater impact and sliding abrasion resistance by comparison. 499” upon request. Two key factors to these three processes are the temperature to heat the material to and the cooling time. Therefore, AR400 will have a lower hardness than AR450. It's found in foods such as nuts, whole grains, and leafy green vegetables. Common trade names include Jess-Air, Diecrat, LO-AIR, VEGA, Apache, Orbit. C. A709 Steel Plate. 20 Molybdenum (Mo): 0. * Glancing impact shots – handgun rounds. This increased hardness makes AR500 ideal for applications where high wear resistance is required, such as in bulletproofing or in mining. 5%: To compensate for the low carbon level, AR400 steel has a relatively large amount of manganese. 2. 5 mg, 21% DV. A514 >2. ASTM A1008 CR is produced by annealing and temper rolling hot rolled steel sheets. A588 is known for its atmospheric corrosion resistance thanks to a natural patina of rust that forms when exposed to outdoor weather conditions. Compared to 1055 carbon steel, 1065 is harder and more durable. Details. COM presents the material machinability chart shows the machinability of metals and plastics. a1 sa 516 gr. 050 in]), and reduce the temperature to 845 °C (1555 °F). Manganese does not have a special taste or smell. Since 1971 we have provided personal service and steel fabrication expertise to a variety of industries including military, aggregates, mining, steel, glass, paper, scrap recycling and railroad. It is often welded with the same procedures and filler metals as mild steel. 5-inches thick are usually supplied in as-rolled condition. This will need to be completely rebuilt with AR400 or Wearox down the road and I will have to budget for it. Ambient outdoor temperature. AR plate is a high carbon alloy plate. AR400 is a form of abrasion-resistant steel made with carbon and manganese. They have been engineered and are suitable for a variety of applications where impact and vibration service are prominent, such as mining/quarry, conveyors, material handling. The optimal size of steel target for shooting at 100 yards is 10″ gong, 12″ gong or a 12″x20″ silhouette. Chromium carbide overlay plate begins with a mild steel base. AR400. The carbon content provides strength and hardness, while the manganese. 3 Process Piping- Rules for the Process Piping Code have been developed considering piping typically found in chemical, petroleum refineries, pharmaceutical, textile, paper, semiconductor, and cryogenic plants; and related processing plants and terminals. A0. It has good formability and is the most widely used wear resistant steel throughout the globe. According to foreign media reports, despite the impact of the coronavirus epidemic, most German screw Hardox 450 vs ar400 steel producers still maintain a good level of production. AR400F exhibits an optimal combination of hardness, abrasion resistance, formability, and weldability. Mirro-Krome 60® (I. For AR500 steel plate, the nominal harness is 500,. Cost effective and available in a wide. Whereas 400 can be between 360 and 440 Brinell, 500 is between 477 and 550. Use 309L (including ER309LSi) when joining mild steel or low alloy steel to stainless steels, for joining dissimilar stainless steels such as 409 to itself or to 304L stainless, as well as. PA, NY and WV. Cut about 20% stepover amount in your toolpath settings. 1) (13. 1 416 Stainless Steel is a resulphurized grade. Mir50® Mir50® vs 304 and 316 Comparison Chart; Mir50® vs 410 and 416. 5. 17% to 0. Amarillo. AR450 vs. 11xx series: the amount of Sulfur (S) is increased from 0. –. 8) Cloves (ground) Manganese per 100 grams. What makes manganese steel special? It has an extremely high impact strength and abrasion resistance in its hardened state. Small quantities of molybdenum, chromium, nickel, aluminium, and copper are present in these steels. 20. AR400 steel is a high-carbon alloy steel that is specifically designed for abrasion and wear resistant applications. In the same manner AR400 could be used as Ar500 Steels Equivalent as well. Carbon (group 14) is a nonmetal, hydrogen (group 1) is a nonmetal, and chlorine (group 17) is a nonmetal; CHCl 3 is predicted to be molecular. Kloeckner offers A5656 in four different grades, including 50, 60, 70, and 80, and in three chemical requirements, type 3, type 7, and type 8. Carbide – Depth of Cut . AR400- better for impact applications, AR500- better for sliding applications. Zr-0. The numbers 1055, 1065, and 1095 refer to the carbon content in every alloy. AR400, or AR400F steel, is a high-carbon alloy steel with high wear resistance that’s supplied nationwide across our 40+ branches. 1 This specification covers high-strength low-alloy structural steel shapes, plates, and bars for welded, riveted, or bolted construction but intended primarily for use in welded bridges and buildings where savings in weight or added durability are important. I like Hardox brand for forming reasons. The main advantage of AR400 steel is its superior durability—it can withstand much more wear than ordinary mild steel and is more resistant to corrosion. Typical applications are material chutes, material moving parts, truck. What is AR500 steel plate made of? Aside from the typical metals used to form steel, manganese is added to the mix to create this type steel plate. In fact, when all sources of dietary manganese are accounted for across a day, less than 5% of the manganese present is. The R200 is designed for a more run-and-gun style of photography than the AR400. Using the periodic table, predict whether the following compounds are ionic or. Alpharetta, Georgia 30004. Godox has designed the R200 to be used in many. Manganese steel is much tougher than carbon steel when heated. 4140 is a great basic chemistry that is easily modified at the steel mill by use of additional elements to achieve additional, and/or, specific properties for specific industries or jobs. Introduction. It won. Limited cold forming and bending can also be done. Typical hardness range is 385/425 BHN. Manganese is a naturally occurring substance found in many types of rock. Manganese is a cost effective solution for those applications that take severe beatings. The ring flash comes with a foldable camera bracket, allowing you to fold up the attachment quickly and easily. 25 percent), molybdenum (. Up to . There are numerous uses for AR400, including the following: Serving as liners for large and heavy-duty machinery. Hardox® 450 is an abrasion-resistant brand with a hardness of 450 bhn. The spall angle range for the AR500 vs. 30 percent), manganese (. Manganese steel is known for its work hardening characteristic, meaning the more impact it takes, the harder the surface becomes. A36 Material Chemical Composition binds it to low carbon steels. 125"-. 3. The A572 steel plate specification has five different grades: Grade 42, , Grade 55, Grade 60 and Grade 65. [email protected] 24/7 Customer Support +86-13761906384 . 3/4″ to 4″ Widths. However, this increase in strength and abrasion resistance will make the steel less malleable. US & International Locations. AR400F is quenched and tempered through hardened wear resistant grades of abrasion resistant steel plate used for high impact and abrasion resistance. It is an inexpensive abrasion-resistant material that can be machined, drilled, punched, and formed. AR250 steel plates are made for improved formability with low levels of carbon and sulphur for inclusion shape control. Galvanic series. c) to reduce its hardness to 240 BHN. Hardox ® 600 for superior wear resistance. Steel grade ASTM A529 Grade 50 characteristics. Mild Steel Sheet Black AR400 is a flat shaped sheet of AR400 Black Mild Steel. A572 is also a mild carbon steel, but the greater addition of certain chemical alloys – such as phosphorus, manganese and silicon – makes it a high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steel. This includes carbon (. Clifton Steel is a leader in custom metal and steel fabricating services complete with machining. It is an beneficial element in HARDOX 400 vs ar400 steel. The most common applications for AR500 steel, or other variations of the impact resistant steel, range from Heavy Equipment and Mining, Plates for Shooting Ranges, Targets, to a variety Armor plates. For instance, if you need high hardness that is deeper and more uniform, you could add Nickel to the 4140. In addition to AR235, Alro Steel stocks other abrasion resisting steel plates including: AR 400F. 9mm FMJ was 7. The quenching and tempering combined with the addition of carbon and manganese increase the hardness of it and by creating an impact-resistant surface it is well suited in handling abrasive materials such as cement, gravel, coals, earth and ore. These forms (called compounds) are. Ductility Plastic deformation properties. Much like AR450 and AR400, AR500 steel is a specific type of abrasion resistant steel with a surface hardness of 477-534 BHN. Targets for rifle range. The advantages of this product include reduced waste and minimal lead time compared to the. ar400 is commonly simpler to weld than ar500 due to its decreased carbon content material. Each of. Redi-Rail® Custom Flame Hardened, Precision Cold Finish, Wear Rail. Workwear™ 14 (11-14% Manganese) Wear Plate & Wear Bar; Close; Chrome Bars. As with other abrasion resistant steels, it does not have a defined chemistry, but rather, grade is determined based on. As you can see, the mechanical and chemical properties of 1018, the machinability, and the surface finish of 1018 steel are all superior to A36. P. Alloy steels and carbon steels can be designated with specific grades by a four-digit AISI/SAE numerical index system. The galvanic series determines the electrochemical potential and nobility of metals and metal alloys. It is, therefore, part of the “spring steels”, which. In the case of AR400 steel plate, 400 is the plate’s nominal hardness, and it has a hardness range of 360 to 440. P. That is about it. Abrasion Resistant, AR400 Wear Bars & Strips. Richey Road Houston TX 77073 Toll Free | 866. Therefore, AR400 will have a lower hardness than AR500 / AR500F. ) Hot Roll;Contact us now for a no-obligation free quote analysis and to discuss the steel solution that’s right for you. Alpharetta (Atlanta Plate Processing) 2005 Grassland Pkwy. That’s an increase in hardness of 30%. thickness equation balances out; AR400 was substantially cheaper than AR500 in the same plate thickness last I bought some. AR400 is ideal for high-resistance applications. 1/8″ to 1″ Thicknesses. Given its low ~640g weight vs the 1. You can find hardness levels for AR400, AR450, and AR500 on their respective pages. Improved forming and weding capabilities. It's often used as wear strips, liners, and deflector plates. 050″ deep with a minimum hardness of HRc 50. There are many kinds of wear-resistant steel, which can be divided into high manganese. Ar400 Wear Plate is designed with a minimum tensile strength of 1318mpa with a minimum yield strength of 1187mpa. The spring back of the material is a more complicated formula, but in general: 1. AR235 is a high carbon and manganese, abrasion-resistant steel. wear steel nm400 VS hardox400 VSAR400 VS JFE400. com. The AR400 are premium abrasion resistant steel plates that are heat-treated and exhibit through-hardening. This evolved wear resistant steel is a perfect value for money product capable to outlast lifetime of conventional water quenched steels (450HB, 500HB, 550HB). 90” AR400 steel $5395 #1060 + AR400 STEEL + 50" Opening + Upper and lower tines are 1/2" thick AR400 STEEL + Hydraulic cylinders and cylinder rods are guarded. Mirro-Krome 60® (I. Subgroups- low/mild carbon steel (up to 0. In the first quarter of this year, global Hardox 450 vs ar400 crude steel production decreased to 443. 5 Silicon (Si): 0. SS 400 type steels could be used as A36 Material Equivalent in times as well. You can climb mill the flame cut edge ok by leaving 1/4" or so for machining with carbide insert face mills. This process provides formability, improved surface texture and flatness. Have a look at our machinability rating graph which without a doubt will make your decision a lot easier with its incredibly detailed information. The use of AR400 is in high wear resistance and is perfect for mining machinery and heavy-duty machinery. Manganese is used to deoxidize and remove sulfur in steel when making steel. Manganese was first isolated in the 1770s. Hardox 400 vs Ar400. 3800 CHICAGO, IL. AR400 steel is an abrasion-resistant steel with high levels of carbon and manganese. It is absolutely necessary for the activity of several enzymes that must bind a. A radius of 2. Clifton Steel’s armor plate is fully DOD approved. Re: My dumb question for the day AR 400 vs mild. Strength. S. AR500: 460-544 BHN Typically. Mir50® Mir50® vs 304 and 316 Comparison Chart; Mir50® vs 410 and 416 Comparison. Thicknesses up to 3/8" can be hole punch but drilling is typically preferred. While all of these grades have slightly different chemical properties, the mechanical properties remain the same for all. Welding to be avoided. 2. Request a free quote on steel for industrial wear applications from Clifton Steel. It is suited to handle many applications including: transfer rails, conveyor guide rails, machine ways, beef rails. Richey Road Houston TX 77073 Toll Free | 866. . 2. H. P. Channel 1 = Throttle, 2 = aileron, 3 = elevator, 4 = rudder with a default configuration in the transmitter. 50. Approx. An AR400 will need an aircraft transmitter for use. Specialty Steel. SOD is an enzyme that breaks down the free radical superoxide into smaller, less harmful molecules. 80 for 2-3 mm and increases as per the thickness. AR500 has the highest tensile strength, so it is more durable and better suited for high-stress applications. If. Protect your jaw crusher with expertly machined and easy-to-install cheek plates made from Tensalloy™. When high precision is required, Clifton can produce cut parts with consistently high quality. Advantages/Disadvantages. 030% (Max) Sulphur: 0. High Speed – Depth of Cut . C86300 / SAE 430B continuous cast manganese bronze is a high strength, non-heat treatable copper alloy intended for use in applications requiring a good combination of outstanding wear characteristics and high bearing strength for heavy loads and slow speeds. 78. O. The subsequent grade would be an alloy called 4340. The more negative a metal or alloy is, the more likely it is to suffer galvanic corrosion. On the Brinell Hardness Scale, the product can reach a hardness score of 550 BHN through work hardening. Use Manganese Electrodes. First, the plate is heated to a high temperature – between 1,000 and 1,300 degrees – then rapidly cooled. 5” to 6” thick. These. . 40%. Alloy steels are designated by AISI four-digit numbers. 20 0. Bar Fabrication Services; Plate Fabrication Services; Close; Technical Data. –. AR400 / 400F; AR450 / 450F; AR500 / 500F; AR600; Offshore And Marine Steel Plate. Upper Limit. CF-8M and CF-3M are the cast equivalents of 316 and 316L, respectively. 5%; Phosphorus. 4, E309) E-FeMn B Use High Speed GMAW and FCAW not SMAW. ZGD345-570. SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers. 1 milligrams per serving, and peanuts. AR400 VS AR450 VS AR500. 50H. ) "USMCPOP" First-born son: KIA Iraq 1/26/05 Syncrowave 250 w/ Coolmate 3 Dialarc 250, Idealarc 250 SP-175 + Firepower TIG 160S (gave the TA 161 STL to the son) Lincwelder AC180C (1952) Victor & Smith O/A torchesThanks to the excellent impact and wear resistant qualities of our Tensalloy™ steel wear plate—in particular our AR500 — it is used by a number of industries for their toughest applications. However, the big advantage of A36 is the overall cost. This can be thickness dependant, and may require heating. Workwear 14 is a true austenitic 11-14% manganese steel (Hadfield Steel) product. This form of steel is often utilized in industries wherein heavy wear and tear are not common, consisting of mining and. The Brinell Scale characterizes the hardness of steel through the scale of penetration of an indenter loaded on a material test piece. Hardness range is 360/440 BHN with a nominal hardness of 400 BHN. Our inventory includes steel, stainless, aluminum, red metals, alloys and tool steel. 31 and manganese has a value of 1. Workwear™ 14 (11-14% Manganese) Wear Plate & Wear Bar; Close; Chrome Bars. For details on working with this material, check with your Alro Representative. –. Another difference is that AR400 can be machined whereas AR450 is not recommended for machining. Manganese steel can resist impact significantly longer than high carbon steel. 1095 steel contains more carbon than 80CrV2 making it better in edge retention and wear resistance. I need to make a repair on something that receives a lot of abrasion. and is an excellent material choice due to its toughness, high fatigue strength, and abrasion and impact resistance. For extreme applications & media being processed, Clifton can also supply Cheek Plates in Tensamang™ (11-14% Hadfield Grade Manganese Work Hardening Steel) & Clif-Clad® Chromium Carbide Overlay, machined complete to your custom request. The Anneal, Normalize, and Stress Relieve processes are different than normal heat treat because there is no quenching or tempering process. Magnesium has an electronegativity of 1. 3/8” AR500. It is vital for the human body, but people only need it in small amounts. When the steel is heat-treated, hardenability is improved with increased manganese. 200 ABRASION RESISTANT STEELS Approximately 235 BHN. 035% Phosphorus; ≤ 0. O. 48 percent), silicon (. The number in the material name (e. A fabricator or end-user may pre-harden pieces or parts of manganese steel by vibratory peening or shot blasting. The melting and boiling points of manganese are 1242°C and 2061°C. Ballistic reports available for thicknesses over 0. Hankev International is a wholesales distributor of 11-14% Manganese Steel, AR400/AR450/AR500, Military Armor, A514 T1 steel in USA. This alloy steel is tempered at 454 to 635°C (850 to 1175°F) for the lower strength 125 to 200 ksi level. This steel is often used in applications where formability and weldability. ar500 is heavier than ar400 due to its higher density and power. Compare Brinell hardness to Rockwell hardness. Typical Analysis Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn)Branches featuring A514 Steel Plate products. The composition may vary from heat to heat, depending on what kind of scrap that happens to be in the hopper. hfw605s4 (ar400) ffw605s3 (ar500) florida ivory hfl602s8 (ar300) ivory matte hfl600s4 (ar400) ffl600s3(ar500) sandstone matte hft601s4 (ar400) ffl601s4 (ar500) lt. A709 is a high-strength, low-alloy steel plate. ) Shaft; Mirraloy® HCP (C. As we’ve seen in recent years, an increasing number. LDX 2101 (UNS S32101) is a 21. Usually, it’s measured in units of force per cross-sectional area. 316L (including ER316LSi) filler metal should be used with 316L and 316 base metals. Plates and worn components for excavator and bucket parts. However, this comes at a cost—AR400 steel tends to be much more expensive than mild steel. Mangalloy, also called manganese steel or Hadfield steel, is an alloy steel containing an average of around 13% manganese. In addition to large amounts of vitamin C and manganese, pineapples add to your daily value of vitamin B6, copper, thiamin, folate, potassium, magnesium, niacin. And AR500 has a tensile strength of 210,000 psi. More Info. Manganese plays an important role in hardox 450 vs ar400. The greatest differentiator between AR450, AR400, and AR500 is the hardness that each achieves. 7 per kWh. Though these two grades have similarities, the key difference between the. Clad metal helps cut costs by using a thinner plate, yet lasting longer. ) Carbon (Max) 0. AR400 Steel Plate AR400 Steel Plate – Hardness 360-444 Brinell. The AR235 plates are intended for moderate wear applications where it offers improved wear resistance relative to structural carbon steel. The right filler metal and proper preheating can help reduce crack sensitivity with AR plate. #1. If the Manganese has work-hardened in service (such as. Manganese is a trace mineral. (heavy A36 steel plate) Over 1 1/2" to 2 1/2" Thick. The Ar400 Steel Plate offers a good bending capability and shows enhanced resistance to impact abrasion. Introducing the ABREX TM Series. This will wear noticeably longer than the T1 assuming there are no contaminants in the material. This increases its strength and pliability though it’s less malleable than AR400. 2° to 7. AR200, AR235, AR Medium, AR400/400F. 1. A preheat and interpass temperature of 250°F to 350°F is generally sufficient, (350°F to 450°F for 500BHN Plate). In certain applications, you may weld dissimilar-strength materials to create components that will encounter high temperatures. Our main products are impact resistance 11-14% Manganese steel plate/bar, wear resistance Plate AR400, AR450, AR500, Military Armor 12560/46100 and A514 (T1 steel), A572. Carbon steels have carbon as the key alloying element in their composition. Viltrox 24mm f/1. which can be divided into high manganese steel, medium and low alloy wear-resistant. This material will work-harden in service up to 550BHN hardness. ) 450 (429 min) 500 (450 min. where E E is the molar absorptivity (or the molar extinction coefficient), L L is the path length or distance the light travels through the sample, and C C is the. Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) battery cells have an average price of $120. H. However, it’s also more prone to shattering when. These properties enable the material to withstand high levels of wear and make it a durable, long-lasting material. We can also supply Hardox 450 vs ar400 deep processing service for products Hardox 450 vs ar400 like cutting, drilling, bending, welding and grinding. Introduction. Keep reading for more. The ring flash comes with a foldable camera bracket, allowing you to fold up the attachment quickly and easily. As with other abrasion-resistant steels, it does not have defined chemistry, but rather, the grade is determined based on hardness. 2% manganese. Chrome hardness is Rockwell “C” 58/60. We cover the complete spectrum of impact resistant & high strength steels ( AR400 AR450, AR500) to stay competitive in the industrial market. The machinability rating attempts to quantify the ease of machining of a range of metals. Email: Contact information (email & phone numbers) for. A pistol-grip doesn't speak the right language (Air DSM2/DSMX). Much harder than regular plate. What are the characteristics of qualified hardox 400 vs ar400 which is well received in middle east and Africa. You should consult the manufacturer for the best combination to prevent cracking and spalling. AR200 can be machined, punched, drilled, and formed and is known to be an inexpensive abrasion-resistant material. Steel grade ASTM A529 Grade 50 is high-strength carbon manganese steel for structural purposes that meets the requirements of ASTM A529/A 529M. They also contain 0. Exercise 3. 351,000 PSI. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Hard to say on wear, as our opperators can burn off a set of ski's off of a Cat 6040 bucket in 3 months that are 4 inch thick 12 inch wide that are hardox or AR500 grade. A36. For high horsepower grinders being used as a secondary grinder, I would use either AR400 / Hardox 400 or AR450 / Hardox 450. Hardox® 400 sheet is available in widths up to 64. Brittlenes vs. T-1 steel, unlike AR400, is an alloy steel covered by ASTM A514 / A514M - 05 (2009) Standard Specification for High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding. AR400 steel has a variety of benefits that makes it an ideal substitute for almost any application where excessive wear is a problem and ease of fabrication is needed. AR400 F Steel Plate is formable grade of Abrasive Resistance Steel Plate designed to accommodate applications where a life of wear is the primary cause for failure among other grades of steel plate. Here CNCLATHING. 223 and it just leaves tiny dimples. Typical stock size: 72” W x. On the Brinell Hardness Scale, the product. 8” Elongation %. AR200 VS AR400 vs AR450 vs AR500: AR steels are governed by a level of hardness, but not a specific chemistry. Mangalloy is known for its high impact strength and resistance to abrasion once in its work-hardened state. A514 ¾” or less thick. The ring-shaped flash is a 200Ws strobe that is a lighter, lower-power alternative to the AR400. Call us. AR400 has a hardness of around 400, AR450 has a hardness of around 450, and AR500 has a hardness of around 500. The base steel around the weld rapidly heats and cools during welding, resulting in a heat affected zone (HAZ) with high hardness. ) Shaft; Mirraloy® HCP (C.